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1. 适当过曝。拍摄负片的时候，就是普通胶卷，遵循宁过勿欠的原则。可以稍稍过度曝光1档甚至更多。这样阴影和色彩都会表现出色。高光部分也不会损失太多的细节。而数码相机，考虑到后期处理的时候，应该尽量保存更多的信息，应该遵循曝光略欠的原则，有的相机能够显示直方图，一目了然。过度曝光的话，高光的细节是没有办法弥补的。Too much is enough, baby Best way to expose color negative film in wrong light, low light, or mixed light: Give it one stop (or more) than the meter reading. Shadows and color will be better, highlights will still be under control.
2. 胶片分为灯光片和日光片。顾名思义，灯光片用于在灯光下拍摄，日光片用于日光下拍摄。里面提到的滤色镜，主要是用于不匹配光源条件下，比如在室外用灯光片拍摄。这种情况，咱们恐怕很少碰上，所以，从略。Conversion experience Get a basic color conversion set: Buy 85B and 80A filters for your most used lens(es). They let you shoot tungsten film outdoors and vice versa, and are also strong warming/cooling filters for any shooting. Shoot a lot under fluorescents? Consider an FL-D filter, too.
3. 如果要去的地方以日落或者日出著名，而你偏偏只能是大中午去，那就带上日落或者日出滤镜吧。要效果更明显些？那就用高坚的红色或者蓝色 Variocolor滤镜。本猪不喜欢滤色镜，除了UV和偏振镜。Bring your own light show Use a sunrise or sunset filter: Screw it on when you arrive at midday at any location famous for sunrises or sunsets. Want to push it further? Use a red/blue Cokin Variocolor filter.
4. 带块灰板：相机的测光系统认为，物体都是反射率为18％的灰色。其测光就是按这个进行的。所以，拍雪景的时候，如果不加曝光补偿，就会拍出来发灰。带着灰板，就能准确测光。Be a card-carrying member Take a photo gray card along: It’s much better for setting digital “white” balance, for accurate spotmeter exposures with slide film, for a photofinishing reference point for color-print film, etc.
5. 弄个额外的取景器，拍全景用。如今全景都是PS出来的，我看这个也该退出历史舞台了。Finder yourself Get an auxiliary finder for panning shots: Scrounge for an auxiliary finder and mount it in your SLR’s flash-shoe (insulate first with tape!) for panning shots. This gives you an uninterrupted view, without mirror blackout, and lets you pan much more smoothly. Get a finder about the same angle of view of the taking lens, or a little longer.
6. 带上一小瓶伏特加：不是用来喝的！可以用来擦镜头和取景器。但不要用来擦LCD啊！！越便宜的越好，那二锅头是不是也一样？没用过，不知道。Try mine, comrade Carry a small bottle of vodka: No, not to steady your nerves, but because it’s a great solvent for cleaning up smudged lenses and finders (but don’t use on color LCD monitors). The cheaper the better—cheap vodka is more highly filtered.
7. 合法的“奴隶”：奴隶，中文应该叫闪光同步器。就是说，你的相机上的闪光灯－－无论内置外置－－闪光的时候，装着同步器的闪光灯就能自动触发（当然前提是要在一定范围内）。用旧的闪光灯，也不用太好，配上这个东东。很有用。同步器也很便宜的。拍摄的时候，把这个奴隶闪光灯放在主体的背后，可以给主体打出背光，拍女孩子特管用，头发丝金光锃亮。如果放在主体背后，但冲着墙闪光的话，能消除背景墙上的黑影。傻瓜相机也管用哦！Legal slavery Carry a cheap, old flash unit fitted with a slave trigger. Position it behind your subject’s head for rim light and against a back wall to eliminate shadows. It works fine with point-and-shoots, and it doesn’t even have to be automatic.
8. 看见什么好的背景，就用小数码相机拍下来。分辨率不用搞太高。最好加上配音，记住是什么地方。等光线好的时候，带上大家伙去拍正式的作品。 Background check Scout locations: Use a digital P/S at low-res to take grab shots of interesting backgrounds and locales (add a voice clip to remember where they are). When light is good, go back to take real pictures. Also use for a portrait setup and such.
9. 要是你的朋友坚持带着眼镜照相，你又克服不了反光的问题，那解决的办法是……把镜片拆下来！我倒！我还以为有什么新招数呢！Stash the glass If you simply can’t keep your subject’s glasses from reflecting (and he or she really wants to keep them on): Remove the lenses. Best way is to loosen the temple-piece screws with the appropriate small screwdriver.
10. 随身携带，有备无患：带个迷你三角架，可以自拍什么的。反正我没这个习惯，你愿意带就带吧。Be a pod person Always carry a minipod: Take one around in your pocket. The idea is not height, but ready steadiness and the ability to adjust camera position； also great for those self-timer shots of yourself on vacation. One of our favorites is the Ultrapod II by Pedco ($20 street).
11. 拍集体照的时候，让肤色稍黑的同志站在前面，闪光灯一打，比增白的化妆品好多了。让白点儿的同志们就靠后站一点。这不光是为了让人物看起来好看，更重要的是，有助于曝光正确。（俺和热乎乎上电视的时候，摄影师说，你们两个的肤色差一档，晕死！）Skins game Put darker-complexioned people in the front of a group shot with flash, and lighter people in the back: Flash falls off over distance, so you want darker people closer. It will make for better overall exposure and easier printing.
12. 往下瞅瞅：相机如果有旋转LCD，那很实用。镜头向下，LCD反转过来。像机紧贴肚皮，这样很稳当哦！Cast eyes downward Use swivel LCDs like reflex finders: Swivel it up, and brace the camera against your belly. It’s steady!
13. 用好数码相机的白平衡：要让景色看起来比较冷么？把白平衡调到钨丝灯模式。要让景色看起来暖一点，就用手动白平衡，只要冲着蓝色的东西设定就好了。 Sneaky tweak Use digital white balance for color conversion: Want a winter/rainy scene to look deliberately colder? Set the white balance for tungsten. Use the custom white balance aimed at something blue to get a “warming filter.”
14. 有了相机，就别让它闲着，尤其是数码相机，贬值贬得那么厉害。兜里随时都装这个相机。还要保证弹药充足。（高感光度胶卷和大容量的存储卡） Just do it Own a camera that gives you no excuse to leave it home: Put a film or digital point-and-shoot in your pocket. Keep it loaded with fast film, or a high-capacity card.
15. 多多抓拍。在长枪短炮排成行的场合，比如婚礼、生日派对之类的，拍完集体照，大声说谢谢，人们接着聊天的时候，也要继续拍照。Off the record Always take another shot after the “shooting gallery” picture: Get the lineup shot at the wedding or birthday party or whatever occasion. Now say “thank you!” loudly—and resume shooting when people re-engage in conversation.
16. 时刻准备着。许多傻瓜相机都有待机模式，可以快速启动，免得让你错过每个精彩瞬间。至少把相机设定在自动档上（P档），就算你要手动，也可以等会再调。总比设定在手动上，结果有好的景色来不及调整要好吧？设到P档上，至少保证你抓起来就能拍。对单反相机，设好超焦距的距离，适当的用广角镜头（能收纳进尽可能多的景物，可以后期再裁剪）。Semper snappatus Keep the camera “snap ready”: Many P/S’s, film and digital, have a snap mode for fast shooting. At the very least, keep the setting on program auto—you can always adjust later. With SLRs, set hyperfocal distance, use moderate wide angle, release-priority AF, etc.
17. 保持相机水平，要带一个那种有气泡的标尺。不至于吧，不够累的。On the level Carry a shoe-mount bubble level: Even with viewfinder grid lines, it can be tricky keeping the camera absolutely square to the scene. The bubble level helps keep horizons straight, and reduces keystoning in buildings.
18. 有关超焦距的问题。涉及到景深刻度，如今的相机似乎很少有这个的。佳能的有景深预览功能，所以也用不着。Get hyper about focusing Use hyperfocal focusing: If your lens has a depth-of-field scale, simply set the infinity mark to the scale line of the aperture you’re using. Use it for deep scenic space, quick people snaps, and such. No depth-of-field scale? Prefocus about one-third of the way to the farthest ｏｂｊｅｃｔ you want to keep in pretty good focus.
19. 有关微距摄影用的“对焦轨”？不知道什么东西。用的机会也不多。算了。Ride a rail Get a focusing rail: These relatively inexpensive gizmos are great for really tight macro focusing, regardless of whether you’re using auxiliary close-up lenses, extension tubes, or a dedicated macro lens.
20. 消红眼，如今大部分相机都有消红眼功能，所以这个也没什么用了。Tape out redeye Use invisible tape to avoid redeye: Foggy tape, layered two or three times over the flashtube area (not the entire flash lens), can reduce redeye in some instances, and won’t create a problem with TTL flash exposure.
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